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Researchers including the US planetary scientist and communicator Carl Sagan described how smoke from incinerated cities would block sunlight and plunge much of the planet into a deep freeze lasting for months, even in summer 4. Alarmed by leaders’ bellicose rhetoric, scientists in the 1980s began running simulations on how nuclear war might change the planet after the initial horrific deaths from the blasts 3, 4. Nuclear-winter studies arose during the cold war, as the United States and the Soviet Union stockpiled tens of thousands of nuclear warheads in preparation for all-out assaults. “Fleshing out the details of ways in which it can be bad is valuable for helping inform decisions,” he says. Knowing the possible environmental consequences of a nuclear conflict can help policymakers to assess the threat, says Seth Baum, executive director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute in New York City, who has studied the risks of triggering a nuclear winter. And some, including the United States, are withdrawing from arms-control efforts. From North Korea to Iran, nations are building up their nuclear capabilities. Scientists want to understand these matters because the nuclear menace is growing. These results spring from the most comprehensive effort yet to understand how a nuclear conflict would affect the entire Earth system, from the oceans to the atmosphere, to creatures on land and in the sea. Other research reveals that a nuclear winter would dramatically alter the chemistry of the oceans, and probably decimate coral reefs and other marine ecosystems 2. This week, researchers report that an India–Pakistan nuclear war could lead to crops failing in dozens of countries - devastating food supplies for more than one billion people 1. But much smaller nuclear conflicts, which are more likely to occur, could also have devastating effects around the world. They build on long-standing work about a ‘nuclear winter’ - severe global cooling that researchers predict would follow a major nuclear war, such as thousands of bombs flying between the United States and Russia. This grim vision of a possible future comes from the latest studies about how nuclear war could alter world climate. For years, crops wither from California to China. Smoke from the incinerated cities rises high into the atmosphere, wrapping the planet in a blanket of soot that blocks the Sun’s rays. That horrifying scenario is just the beginning. Tens of millions of people die in the blasts.
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The next day, India sets off its own atomic explosions and within days, the nations begin bombing dozens of military targets and then hundreds of cities. As a show of force against the invading army, Pakistan decides to detonate several small nuclear bombs.
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When a terrorist attacks a site in India, that country sends tanks rolling across the border with Pakistan.
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It all starts in 2025, as tensions between India and Pakistan escalate over the contested region of Kashmir. If that's not a reason to get this album, then I don't know what to tell you.India tests its Agni-5 rocket in 2013, which is capable of carrying nuclear warheads. The drum work on this is especially impressive, not too far off from Emilio Marquez's performance on Possesed's comeback, Revelations of Oblivion.Īt the end of the day, these lads love their European Thrash Metal and it shows in this uncompromising face-ripper that I've had on repeat for quite a while now. On Chains of Doom can be summed up as a mix between Sodom and Legion of the Damned, and if it's any indication of their past output, then this band has been making killer Thrash that borders on Death/Thrash for over a decade and I somehow missed it! Brutal, crushing heaviness is mixed with fierce technicality that doesn't quite verge into masturbation and a grim, sinister atmosphere that made both their influences stand out from the pack. That might seem standard, but considering how most Thrash bands go, that's pretty productive in terms of output.Īnyway. Swiss thrashers Total Annihilation first formed in 2006, and in that time they've released a couple of splits, an EP, and three full-length albums including this one.